A book about living well
Some time around the third century, a scholar named Vatsyayana Mallanaga sat down to write a handbook. He gathered the teachings of older masters, some of them already lost, and set them in order. The book he left us is known as the Kamasutra.
Most people have heard of it. Few have read it. Those who do are often surprised by what they find, because much of the book is about how to live a cultivated life. It describes the house of a person of taste: a garden with a swing and a bower of creepers, a lute hanging on the wall, a board for drawing, a few books, fresh garlands, birds in cages. It follows the day, from the morning bath to the evening’s music with friends, with parties, picnics and games along the way.
Beneath it all is an idea Indian thought had been refining for centuries: a good life pursues four aims. Dharma, doing what is right. Artha, making a living and building security. Kama, love and delight. Moksha, the freedom of the spirit. None was to be chased at the cost of the others. Taught this way, kama was not a guilty pleasure hidden from the rest of life. It was one of the lamps that lit it.
“Kama is the enjoyment of appropriate objects by the five senses of hearing, feeling, seeing, tasting and smelling, assisted by the mind together with the soul.”
Pleasure, in other words, was something you could get better at. It asked for knowledge, for taste, and for attention to another person. And anything that can be practised can be taught. So Vatsyayana wrote his readers a curriculum.